今天一诺留学小编通过一些句子来给大家介绍一下雅思阅读中的定语从句的知识点,希望可以帮助到同学们!下面和小编一起来看一下今天的内容吧!
一、定语从句的定义
如果一个简单句放在一个名词或者代词之后,起修饰限定的作用,那么这个句子就叫做定语从句。所修饰的名词或者代词叫做先行词,连接定语从句和先行词的词汇叫做关系词,可以分为关系代词和关系副词。常见的关系代词有that/who/whom/whose/which,经常在从句中充当主语、宾语、定语等成分。常见的关系副词有when/where/why/介词+in which/that,经常在从句中充当状语成分。
定语从句可以分为两大类:限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句。限制性定语从句是先行词不可分割的一部分,不能去掉,并且不能用逗号分开。非限制性定语从句不仅可以对先行词也可以对整个句子进行修饰,与主句之间通常用逗号隔开,去掉并不会影响主句的内容。一般,我们见到的大部分的定语从句都是限制性定语从句。
二、定语从句的知识点
1. 关系代词引导限制性定语从句:
例 1. Then, in 1912, an Italian 2-hour film was hugely successful, and Hollywood settled upon the novel-length narrative that remains the dominant cinematic convention of today. (剑6 Test 3 Passage 1)
句子结构分析:这句话是由and连接的并列句。第一句话是主系表结构:主语是an(Italian 2-hour)film,系动词是was,表语是successful,in 1912是插入语。第二句话是主谓宾结构:主语是Hollywood,谓语是settled upon,宾语是the novel-length narrative,that引导限制性定语从句修饰先行词narrative,that是关系代词,在从句中做主语。
2. 关系副词引导限制性定语从句:
例2. There is a widespread belief that increasing wealth encourages people to live farther out where cars are the only viable transport. (剑 6 Test 2 Passage 1)
句子结构分析:这句话是there be 句型。主语是a belief,谓语是There is,宾语是belief ,that引导的从句是belief的同位语。同位语从句中动名词increasing wealth作主语,谓语是encourages ,宾语是people ,补语是to live farther out,关系副词where引导定语从句修饰先行词farther out。
3. 关系代词引导非限制性定语从句:
例 1. A survey (that)I conducted with Irene Whitney found that in British primary schools up to a quarter of pupils reported experience of bullying, which in about one in ten cases was persistent. (剑6 Test 4 Passage 3)
句子结构分析: A survey后面省略了that引导的定语从句, that在从句中做宾语,主句谓语是found,that引导宾语从句, 关系代词which引导非限制性定语从句修饰整个宾语从句。
例2. Now a long-term study carried out in Nicaragua has eliminated these factors by showing that teaching reading to poor adult women, who would otherwise have remained illiterate, has a direct effect on their children's health and survival. (剑6 Test 4 Passage 2)
句子结构分析: 这句话的主语是a study,carried作后置定语修饰a study,谓语是has eliminated,宾语是these factors,by表示通过某种方式,that引导宾语从句, 从句的主语是teaching reading (to poor adult women),谓语是has,宾语是effect,who引导非限制性定语从句修饰women。
4. 关系副词引导非限制性定语从句:
例 3. In Nunavut's 'igloo and email' society, where adults who were born in igloos have children who may never have been out on the land, there's a high incidence of depression.
(剑 6 Test 1 Passage 3)
句子结构分析:in开头的介词短语作状语,where引导非限制性定语从句修饰society,第一个who引导限制性定语从句修饰adults, 第二个who引导限制性定语从句修饰children,主句是there be句型。
以上是一诺留学小编给大家介绍的雅思阅读中的定语从句的语法知识,希望可以帮助到同学们,同学们如果还有任何关于雅思考试的问题,可以拨打一诺留学的免费热线400-003-6508或者010-62680991进行咨询,或者点击一诺留学官方网站http://www.yinuoedu.net/页面的“在线咨询”与一诺留学专家直接对话。微信订阅号:留学圈 (微信帐号:yinuoliuxue )
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